183 search results for “chemische weapons” in the Public website
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    Weapons of choice
    
    
Exploring Late Bronze Age attitudes towards martiality through experimentation and micro-wear analysis
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    Weapons of Persuasion - the global wanderings of six Kandyan objects
    
    
This book explores the return of six outstanding Kandyan artefacts to Sri Lanka by the Dutch government in 2023. It captures numerous reflections of the international interdisciplinary research team that investigated the provenance of these artifacts and the remarkable layered history that the research…
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    Still a useful myth? NATO’s theater nuclear weapons as tools of alliance management
    
    
Linde Desmaele explores the role of US theatre nuclear weapons stationed in Europe. Moving beyond the deterrence vs. reassurance debate
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    Anneleen van der MeerFaculty of Governance and Global Affairs
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    BRCA1-associated breast cancer: finding new weapons for an old villain
    
    
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    Mathematics as weapon against desertification
        
    
PhD student Robbin Bastiaansen applies mathematics to get insight in practical problems. By comparing mathematical models with developments in existing ecosystems, he hopes to demystify the process of desertification. His research has been published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences…
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    Inhibiting protein production potentially a weapon against Alzheimer’s
        
    
Inhibiting specific protein production in the human body can serve as a crucial weapon in the fight against Alzheimer's, Eline van Maanen believes. PhD defence 23 November.
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    How Russia uses language as a weapon of war
        
    
According to Russian propaganda Ukrainians are Nazis and people from the West are Satanists. Egbert Fortuin thinks we should take this propaganda seriously.
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    Teaching
    
    
At Molecular Physiology we teach the following courses within the Leiden Institute of Chemistry's Chemistry and Life Science and Technology programmes.
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    Casper van DijkFaculty of Humanities
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    How the care of children was used as a weapon in the Holocaust
        
    
To cover up their deportation plans which targeted Polish Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto, the Nazis re-opened schools. In her inaugural lecture, historian Sarah Cramsey demonstrates with examples how care was used ‘as a weapon’ during the Holocaust. She also stresses that care is a unifying cement in society…
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    Language as a weapon: alumna Femke Eisma is the spokesperson for the government commissioner on sexual violence
        
    
It is one of the most talked-about subjects right now: how do we eradicate sexual harassment and violence? Alumnus Femke Eisma is the spokesperson for Mariëtte Hamer, the government commissioner tasked with tackling this persistent social problem. Eisma studied the Dutch language at Leiden. How is her…
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    Study associations
    
    
The Faculty of Science has multiple study associations, which organise both study-related and social activities for students.
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    About this minor
    
    
Everything you need to know about the minor Disinformation and Strategic Communication in Global Media.
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    Science
    
    
After your graduation, Leiden University would love to stay in touch with you. Alumni are an important part of the university; with your experience we can improve the education, and you can be part of a valuable network full of knowledge and experience. Find out what options you have to stay in touch…
 - Managing the nuclear threshold: Non-nuclear allies in NATO decision-making
 - Nuclear Diplomacy
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    Student life
    
    
Your time in Leiden is about more than just studying. Some of your best experiences will come from being part of our vibrant and diverse student community, and from living in the beautiful city of Leiden.
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    Modeling energy conversion dynamics at interfaces
    
    
Chemical reactions go hand-in-hand with an energy exchange with the environment in which they take place. Surfaces offer a variety of energy dissipation channels, constituted by the nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom of the atoms at the interface. Aiming at an improved future harvesting of energy,…
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    Post-Soviet Nostalgia. Confronting the Empire's Legacies
    
    
Bringing together scholars from Russia, the United States and Europe, this collection of essays is the first to explore the slippery phenomenon of post-Soviet nostalgia by studying it as a discursive practice serving a wide variety of ideological agendas.
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    Media attention inaugural lecture ecotoxicologist Martina Vijver
        
    
Time and again synthesised substances have been shown to pollute the environment more than lab tests predicted. In her inaugural lecture on 16 November, professor of Ecotoxicology Martina Vijver gives a warning for the risks of new, man-made chemical substances and nanomaterials. Various media payed…
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    Targeting gun violence & trafficking in Europe
    
    
To assess the impact of illicit firearms trafficking on gun violence, this research looks at the scope, characteristics and contexts of firearm violence, and also the scope and nature of firearms trafficking in Europe since the new millennium. Nils Duquet, Dennis Vanden Auweele and Marieke Liem created…
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    Building Epistemic Justice After Nuclear Weapons Testing: The Case of Kiritimati
    
    
Lecture, Peace Histories Seminar Series
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    Military Artificial Intelligence and the Accountability of States and Individuals for Crimes against Humanity in the Ukraine
    
    
Tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians have died as a result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and the continuing armed conflict. Many forms of critical infrastructure have been destroyed. Much of this devastation has been caused by weapons that utilise forms of artificial intelligence…
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    Understanding coercive nuclear reversal dynamics: a comparative case study of US coercive diplomacy against the nuclear programs of Iran, Libya
    
    
What are the conditions under which coercive diplomacy can compel a State to abandon its nuclear weapons program?
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    Presidential use of diversionary drone force and public support
    
    
During times of domestic turmoil, the use of force abroad becomes an appealing strategy to US presidents in hopes of diverting attention away from internal conditions and toward a foreign policy success.
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    Projects
        
    
Current clients
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    European Lone Actor Terrorists Versus “Common” Homicide Offenders: An Empirical Analysis
    
    
The term “Lone Actor” has been applied to a variety of violent individuals who are thought to act out of ideological motivations using terrorist tactics.
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    Reflections on the Russia-Ukraine War
    
    
Bas Rietjens and his colleagues researched the Russia-Ukraine war, exploring this multitude of facets and their interconnections.
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    Leiden Spinoza and Stevin Prize laureates
    
    
Of the 111 Spinoza Prizes that have been awarded since 1995, 28 have gone to researchers from Leiden University.
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    Science for Society
    
    
By carrying out fundamental research and providing excellent education, universities become a breeding ground for innovation and entrepreneurship.
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    Islam and culture
    
    
Thanks to its early civilisation and continuous mix of influences, the Muslim world has a rich and varied culture. The study of material culture, books, stories, films and increasingly television series teaches us about the structure of modern-day Muslim societies.
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    Why is there no Northeast Asian security architecture?
    
    
Why is there no Northeast Asian security architecture? Assessing the strategic impediments to a stable East Asia. In this article, published in 'The Pacific Review', the authors Wang (Peking University) en Stevens (Leiden University) discuss the reasons why.
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    The Chicago system: a steadfast legal blueprint for world civil aviation?
    
    
On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the magna carta of civil aviation, the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention 1944), Professor Steven Truxal has written a leading piece for the European Civil Aviation Conference: The Chicago system: a steadfast legal blueprint for…
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    The Merovingian cemeteries of Sittard-Kemperkoul, Obbicht-Oude Molen and Stein-Groote Bongerd
    
    
A number of scholars joint forces to analyse and re-analyse a number of Merovingian cemeteries and publish the results in the series Merovingian Archaeology in the Low Countries published by Habelt Verlag in Bonn (Germany). We call it the ANASTASIS project. This is the third volume in which the data…
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    The Negative Effects of Bullying
    
    
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    Predicting crime in dark web forum networks
    
    
In this project, we use social network analysis to analyze the behavior of users in online forums and associated marketplaces over time.
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    Firearms and violence in Europe
    
    
Firearms and violence in Europe–A systematic review by Katharina Krüsselmann, Pauline Aarten, Marieke Liem
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    The Great War Analogy and the Sino-American Security Dilemma: Foreboding or Fallacious?
    
    
Drawing on the analogical lessons of the Great War, this article uses applied history to analyze how the four parallels discerned can help us make sense of contemporary Sino-American rivalry
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    The Indian Frontier: Horse and Warband in the Making of Empires
    
    
This omnibus brings together some old and some recent works by Jos Gommans on the warhorse and its impact on medieval and early modern state-formation in South Asia.
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    How Terror Evolves: The Emergence and Spread of Terrorist Techniques
    
    
This book contextualizes the use of terror as part of wider movements of political contention, demonstrating that terroristic innovation occurs as part of wider historical processes rather than in a vacuum.
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    More than people and pots: identity and regionalization in Ancient Egypt during the second intermediate period, ca. 1775-1550 BC
    
    
On the 23rd of June Arianna Sacco successfully defended a doctoral thesis and graduated.
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    Sacrificial Landscapes
    
    
Cultural biographies of persons, objects and 'natural' places in the Bronze Age of the Southern Netherlands, c. 2300-600 BC.
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    Missing the Mark? A Typology of Lethal and Non-Lethal Firearm Violence in the Netherlands
    
    
This article describes the phenomenon of firearms violence and the importance of including non-lethal firearms violence in understanding this phenomenon.
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    Disinformation and Strategic Communication in Global Media
    
    
From fake news to COVID-19 conspiracies, debates about truth claims have become more prominent during the past decade. Taking a global, comparative perspective, the minor Disinformation and Strategic Communication in Global Media focuses on the broad spectrum of contested narratives subsumed under the…
 - Peace Histories Seminar Series 2025-2026
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    Ancient Charm
    
    
The aim of ANCIENT CHARM was to develop neutron-imaging techniques and the associated equipment, and help establish neutron imaging as a mainstream archaeological analytical technique. In particular, one of the goals was a new imaging technique which called neutron resonant capture imaging combined…
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    European Prehistory
    
    
Our research deals with the deep history of Europe and Eurasia, from the inception of farming up until the beginning of the Roman Period. This was a period in which key developments took place that had a profound impact on European landscapes and society until the present day. Our research and teaching…
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    Larger Than Life: The Ommerschans hoard and the role of giant swords in the European Bronze Age (1500-1100 BC)
    
    
This book aims to unravel some of the mysteries surrounding this exceptional group of larger-than-life Bronze Age blades.
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    Leiden Jewish Studies Network
    
    
Since its beginnings, Leiden University has been home to scholars with a broad and diverse expertise in the histories, languages, literatures and material cultures relevant to the study of Jews and Judaism from antiquity to modern times.